Security Measures of Grain Storage
The steel silo has advantages of light weight, low requirement of foundation, low construction cost, short construction period, standardization, and automation, high degree of mechanization, convenient usage and high storage efficiency, especially prominent in developing working environment of grain feeding and discharging of the silo, reducing labor intensity and improving operating efficiency, deeply welcomed by enterprises. But it is also with significant shortcomings that thin wall, deep grain layer, easy to condensation, difficult to sample inspection. Therefore, grain storage operating generally require:
① Grain moisture no exceed the standard, must meet the national security grain storage standards. If grain moisture exceeds the standard, the moisture inside the grain heap is wicking from the inside to the surface, then dissociate to the air in the grain gap. Grain moisture is difficult to escape from the flow of air, it is gathered in the grain, when the grain wet reaches the point of saturation it began to condense, resulting in fermentation and local temperature rise phenomenon, which in turn contribute to grain release of water and accelerate the corresponding fermentation process. When the ambient temperature increases, the grain with the dust, impurities, especially organic impurities to accelerate the process, the grain will rot, seriously threat to safe storage of grain.
② The grain must be ventilated, through ventilation, the grain is scattered to dissipate heat and reduce the stability of grain and moisture.
Application of grain storage technology in steel silos
In practical work, due to high grain heap inside the silo, ventilation resistance is big, steel silo must ensure that grain moisture at a safe level (12% ~ 14%) while storing grain. If the grain moisture is still high after initial cleaning, such as greater than 14%, it must be dried to safe moisture, and then sent to the silo for storage. During the storage period, management personnel make full use of temperature and humidity monitoring, ventilation cooling, fumigation insecticide, low temperature control and other grain storage technology, grain inside the steel silo to achieve long-term safe storage.
① Grain Conditioning Monitoring and Analysis Technology:
The system uses the modern electronic technology to realize the real-time monitoring, analysis, prediction and control during the grain storage. The monitoring and control network is formed by the measure-control host and the extension processer. The monitoring and control host and extension processer installed in silo collects data of grain condition in wire and wireless way to converge to the control center, management personnel through the host computer software to grasp the grain security condition, through the software automatically or manually control the opening and closing of related equipment to achieve cooling, dehumidification purposes. Silo inside is equipped with electronic sensing elements for detecting temperature and humidity, it can be controlled at any time, and the data can be saved and printed.
② Ventilation Cooling Technology:
Safe storage of wheat is mainly to prevent the grain heap mold, fever and pests inside the silo; the key factor to influence it is grain heap and grain storage environment temperature and humidity. We use intelligent mechanical ventilation, through the special design of the air duct, ventilation timing, temperature and humidity difference, the air flow and exchange adjustments, at the same time take the ventilation, fumigation and grain cooling technology design of the wind network to control the temperature and moisture, preventing the occurrence of grain damage
③ Cooling Temperature Control Technology:
By cooling the temperature, keeping the grain temperature below 15 ℃ or 20 ℃ as quasi-low temperature state, can greatly slow down the grain "breathing" to ensure long-term storage and preservation, preventing the breeding of grain insects. Grain air chiller blows cold wind into the silo through the air supply system to cool grain when grain heap temperature exceeds the standard. Grain cooling technology can maintain and adjust the grain moisture while cooling, with 3 functions of keeping moisture and cooling ventilation, reducing moisture cooling ventilation and quenching and tempering cooling ventilation. It is an important technical measure to preserve and improve the quality of stored grain.
④ Fumigation Insecticidal Technology:
Fumigation insecticide is based on steel silo theory, aerodynamic circulation theory, chemical control theory, using microcomputer control technology, adopts aluminum phosphide tablet phosphine gas deliquescence, through circulation fumigation equipment, force air circulation, prompting phosphine gas uniform distribution in grain heap, to realize the valid insecticidal purpose.
Phosphine circulation fumigation insecticidal technology, using phosphine generator coagulant dosage, spray after 9 h, achieve uniform state, fumigation control effect is good. In addition, by using the high tightness of steel silo, it can be filled with nitrogen, the main duct of nitrogen into the grain heap, evenly flow between the pores of the grain heap, discharge oxygen, play insecticidal effect, pest control effect is very good.